UK Schools & the Education System Explained
How UK schooling works, the difference between state and private education, and how to apply for a place.
Updated 2026 · 8 min read · Written by the Relocate Relocate team
How UK education is structured
| Stage | Typical age |
|---|---|
| Primary school | 4–11 |
| Secondary school | 11–16 |
| Sixth form / College | 16–18 |
Education is compulsory from age 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) until 18, though the final two years can be spent in a mix of school, college or apprenticeship-based learning.
State vs. private (independent) schools
State schools are funded by the government and free to attend, and generally the first port of call for most relocating families. Private (independent) schools charge fees — often significant ones, particularly for boarding — but tend to offer smaller class sizes and, in some cases, different curricula.
Both routes can lead to strong outcomes; the right choice usually comes down to budget, location, and how settled you want your children's schooling to feel from day one versus the local admissions process.
How school admissions work
State school places are allocated by local councils, usually based on catchment area (how close you live to the school) and, for church or faith schools, sometimes other criteria. Applying mid-school-year for a place in a popular area can be challenging, as places may already be full — it's worth contacting the local council's admissions team directly as soon as you know your address.
Private schools run their own admissions, often including entrance assessments or interviews, and can sometimes accommodate mid-year starts more flexibly than state schools.
International schools
In and around major cities, a number of international schools offer curricula such as the International Baccalaureate (IB) or American/other national curricula — a popular option for families who expect to relocate again, or who want continuity with a previous curriculum.
Practical tips for relocating families
- Start researching schools and catchment areas before finalising your housing search — the two are closely linked
- Contact admissions teams directly rather than relying solely on published deadlines, especially for mid-year moves
- Ask about school uniform, term dates and after-school care, which can differ significantly from your home country
Frequently asked questions
Is school free in the UK?
State education is free for all children of compulsory school age; private schools charge fees, which vary widely.
How do catchment areas work?
Many state schools prioritise children living closest to the school, so your address can significantly affect which schools are realistically available.
Can my child join a UK school mid-year?
Often yes, though popular state schools in some areas may have no spaces — contacting the local council admissions team directly is the fastest way to find out.
Are there international curriculum schools in the UK?
Yes, particularly in and around major cities, offering options like the International Baccalaureate for families wanting curriculum continuity.
More guides to help your move
UK Driving & Road Rules
Licence rules for overseas drivers, speed limits, MOT and getting on the road safely.
Housing & Renting in the UK
Deposits, tenancy types, council tax and how to avoid rental scams.
Banking for Expats
Opening a UK account before and after you land, and building credit history.
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